WHAT IS STAINLESS STEEL?
Stainless steel is a preferred type of steel because it is resistant to rust. This type of steel contains a certain amount of chromium so that it can be called stainless. The chromium in the steel allows the steel to form a thin film called chromium-oxide when it comes into contact with oxygen. This thin film protects the steel against corrosion, and steel with more than a certain amount of chromium is called stainless steel. In addition, many different elements added to the steel can lead to an increase or decrease in the corrosion resistance of the steel. For example, nickel added to steel, combined with the element chromium, makes stainless steel even stronger against corrosion. Likewise, when the molybtene element is combined with chromium and nickel, the corrosion resistance is further increased. On the other hand, the increase in the ratio of elements such as sulfur and carbon in the steel reduces the corrosion resistance.
Although chromium is sufficient to prevent the steel from rusting in non-hard environments, nickel, molybten and many similar elements must be added to ensure the steel's resistance to corrosion in more difficult conditions. In order for a steel to become stainless, the alloys in it and the proportions of these alloys are manipulated.
Stainless Steel General Properties and Usage Areas
| ASTM CODE | PROPERTIES | USAGE PLACES |
|---|---|---|
| 304 | It is the basic variety of stainless steel. Provides high oxidation up to 400°C. Mechanical resistance and friction strength are very good. | Kitchenware, sinks, household appliances, industrial kitchens, chemical and petro-chemical industry, food industry, automotive industry, heat exchanger and boiler production. |
| 304L | It is the low carbon version of 304 quality stainless steel. | Paper industry, dairy equipment, soap industry, leather industry, chemical industry, oil industry, boiler construction, heat exchangers. |
| 321 | With the addition of titanium to 304 quality stainless steel, its resistance to corrosion has been increased. Resistant to high temperatures | Heaters, exhaust pipes, aviation industry, breweries, chemical industry. |
| 316 | It is resistant to temperatures up to 600°C. Its mechanical breaking and shrinkage strength is quite good. Resistant to oxidation and acids due to its molybdenum content. | Chemistry, petro-chemical industry, steam boilers, heat-resistant exchangers, various boiler applications. |
| 316L | It is the low carbon version of 316 quality stainless steel. | Chemical, petrochemical industry, paper industry, nuclear engineering, dairy equipment. |
| 316 Ti | It is the titanium version of 316 quality stainless steel. It has high temperature and oxidation resistance. | Chemical, petrochemical industry, pump and compressor parts, boilers, furnaces and heat exchangers. |
| 309 309S | It has high oxidation resistance at temperatures up to 950°C. | High temperature resistant equipment and parts. |
| 310 310S | It has high oxidation resistance at temperatures up to 1100°C. | Furnace parts and equipment resistant to high temperatures, chemical, petrochemical industry. |
| 430 | It provides good surface appearance. Since it does not contain nickel, it can be magnetized. | Decorative uses, glossy surface applications. |
Chemical Compositions of Stainless Steels (Casting Analysis)
| EN Normunda Numarası | AISI/ASTM İsmi | Symbol | C | Si | Mn | P max | S | N | Cr | Mo | Ni | Diğerleri |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4016 | 430 | X6Cr17 | <= 0,08 | <= 1,00 | <= 1,00 | <= 0,04 | <= 0,015 | 16,00-18,00 | ||||
| 1.4021 | 420 | X20Cr13 | 0,16-0,25 | <= 1,00 | <= 1,50 | <= 0,04 | <= 0,015 | 12,00-14,00 | ||||
| 1.431 | 301 | X12CrNi 17-7 | 0,05-0,15 | <= 2,00 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | <= 0,11 | 16,00-19,00 | <= 0,80 | 6,00-9,50 | |
| 1.4372 | 201 | <= 0,15 | <= 1,00 | 5,50-7,50 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | 0,05-0,25 | 16,00-18,00 | 3,50-5,50 | |||
| 1.4301 | 304 | X5CrNi 18-10 | <= 0,07 | <= 1,00 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | <= 0,11 | 17,50-19,50 | 8,00-10,50 | ||
| 1.4307 | 304 L | X2CrNi 18-9 | <= 0,03 | <= 1,00 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | <= 0,11 | 17,50-19,50 | 8,00-10,00 | ||
| 1.4541 | 321 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | <= 0,08 | <= 1,00 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | 17,00-19,00 | 9,00-12,00 | "Ti:min:(5xC);max:0,70" | ||
| 1.4305 | 303 | X8CrNiS 18-9 | <= 0,10 | <= 1,00 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | 0,15-0,35 | <= 0,11 | 17,00-19,00 | 8,00-10,00 | Cu <=1,00 | |
| 1.4401 | 316 | X5CrNiMo 17-12-2 | <= 0,07 | <= 1,00 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | <= 0,11 | 16,50-18,50 | 2,00 - 2,50 | 10,00-13,00 | |
| 1.4404 | 316 L | X2CrNiMo 17-12-2 | <= 0,03 | <= 1,00 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | <= 0,11 | 16,50-18,50 | 2,00 - 2,50 | 10,00-13,00 | |
| 1.4571 | 316 Ti | X6CrNiMoTi 17-12-2 | <= 0,08 | <= 1,00 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | 16,50-18,50 | 2,00 - 2,50 | 10,50-13,50 | "Ti:min:(5xC);max:0,70" | |
| 1.4833 | 309 S | X12CrNi 23-13(X7CrNi 23-14) | <= 0,15 | <= 1,00 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | <= 0,11 | 22,00-24,00 | 12,00-14,00 | ||
| 1.4828 | 309 | X15CrNiSi20-12 | <= 0,20 | 1,50-2,50 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | <= 0,11 | 19,00-21,00 | 11,00-13,00 | ||
| 1.4845 | 310 S | X8CrNi 25-21 (X12CrNi 25-21) | <= 0,10 | <= 1,50 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | <= 0,11 | 24,00-26,00 | 19,00-22,00 | ||
| 1.4841 | 310 | X15CrNi 25-21 | <= 0,20 | 1,50-2,50 | <= 2,00 | <= 0,045 | <= 0,015 | <= 0,11 | 24,00-26,00 | 19,00-22,00 |
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